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For a type of conflict between Wikipedia editors, see Editor war is the common name for the rivalry between users of the and (usually ). The rivalry has become a lasting part of and the.
The Emacs vs vi debate was one of the original 'holy wars' conducted on groups, with many fought between those insisting that their editor of choice is the of editing, and insulting the other, since at least 1985. Related battles have been fought over, systems, and even source code. Notably, unlike other wars (e.g., vs vs, vs vs ), the editor war has yet to be resolved with a clear winner, and the hacker community remains split roughly 50/50. Contents.
Differences between vi and Emacs The most important differences between vi and Emacs are presented in the following table: vi Emacs Keystroke execution vi retains each of typed keys. This creates a path in the which unambiguously identifies any command. Emacs commands are for which are held down while other keys are pressed; a command gets executed once completely typed.
This still forms a decision tree of commands, but not one of individual keystrokes. A vim-inspired Emacs package ( undo-tree) provides a to the tree. Memory usage and customizability vi is a smaller and faster program, but with less capacity for customization. The version of vi has evolved to provide significantly more functionality and customization than vi, making it comparable to Emacs. Vi start-up time is near instantaneous for small text files, while vim is almost as fast.
Emacs executes many actions on startup, many of which may execute arbitrary user code. This makes Emacs take longer to start up (even compared to vim) and require more. However, it is highly customizable and includes a large number of features, as it is essentially an execution environment for a program designed for text-editing. Emacs 18 (released in 1987) introduced a server mode designed to run continuously in the background. Various instances of Emacs can then be started in client mode, attaching to this server and sharing state. Emacs client startup time is practically instantaneous as all it does is provoke the existing Emacs process to redraw the display.
User environment vi was originally exclusively used inside of a text-mode console, offering no (GUI). Most modern vi derivatives, e.g. MacVim and gVim, include GUIs. However, support for remains absent. Also lacking is support for different sized fonts in the same document. Emacs, while also initially designed for use on a console, grew a fairly early on due to its heritage.
GUI support was added in Emacs 18, and made the default in version 19. Current Emacs GUIs include full support for and font-size variation.
Emacs also supports embedded images and. Function/navigation interface vi uses distinct editing.
Under 'insert mode', keys insert characters into the document. Under 'normal mode' (also known as 'command mode'), bare keypresses execute vi commands. Emacs uses chords. Keys or key chords can be defined as, which put Emacs into a mode where it waits for additional that constitute a.
Key bindings can be mode-specific, further customizing the interaction style. Emacs provides a accessed by M-x that can be configured to in various ways.
Emacs also provides a defalias macro, allowing alternate names for commands. Keyboard vi uses no key and seldom uses the key. Vi's keyset is mainly restricted to the keys, and the key. This is an enduring relic of its heritage, but has the effect of making most of vi's functionality accessible without frequent awkward finger reaches.
The expansion of one of Emacs' is Escape, Meta, Alt, Control, Shift, which neatly summarizes most of the modifier keys it uses, only leaving out. Emacs was developed on with that were more ergonomic with respect to modifiers than modern layouts. There are multiple emacs packages, such as spacemacs or ergoemacs that replace these key combinations with ones easier to type, or customization can be done by the user. Language and script support vi has rudimentary support for languages other than English. Vim is partially multilingual, with support for European, Arabic, Hebrew, and Far East Asian language support only. Notably, Indic language and script support is absent.
Emacs has full support for all Unicode-compatible writing systems and allows multiple scripts to be freely intermixed. Benefits of Emacs.
Emacs has a non-modal interface. One of the most computer programs. It runs in and under on a wide variety of, including most systems (, the various, etc.), and. Unix systems, both free and proprietary, frequently provide Emacs bundled with the. Emacs server architecture allows multiple clients to attach to the same Emacs instance and share the buffer list, history and other state. Pervasive system with keybindings, functions and commands documented on the fly. Extensible and customizable variant , with features that include:.
Ability to vi and vim (using Evil, Viper or Vimpulse). A powerful and extensible file manager , integrated debugger, and a large set of development and other tools. Having every command be an Emacs Lisp function enables commands to (Do What I Mean) by programmatically responding to past actions and document state. For example, a switch-or-split-window command could switch to another window if one exists, or create one if needed. This cuts down on the number of keystrokes and commands a user must remember. 'An OS inside an OS'. Emacs Lisp enables Emacs to be programmed far beyond editing features.
Even a base install contains several dozen applications, including two, news readers, several mail agents, four clients, a version of, and a variety of games. All of these applications are available anywhere Emacs runs, with the same user interface and functionality.
Starting with version 24, Emacs includes a, making it easy to install additional applications including alternate web browsers, EMMS (Emacs Multimedia System), and more. Also available are numerous packages for programming, including some targeted at specific language/library combinations or coding styles. Benefits of vi-like editors.
Edit commands are composable. Vi has a modal interface (which Emacs can emulate). Historically, vi loads faster than Emacs. Being deeply associated with UNIX tradition, it runs on all systems that can implement the standard library, including, and -compliant systems.
Extensible and customizable through or APIs for interpreted languages such as Python, Ruby, Perl, and Lua. Ubiquitous. Essentially all Unix and Unix-like systems come with vi (or a variant) built-in.
Vi (and ex, but not vim) is specified in the standard. System rescue environments, embedded systems (notably those with ) and other constrained environments often include vi, but not emacs.
Appearing as St I−cius, a saint in the Church of Frequently, at some point in the discussion, someone will point out that is the standard text editor. The Church of Emacs, formed by Emacs and the 's creator, is a. While it refers to as the 'editor of the beast' (vi-vi-vi being in Roman numerals), it does not oppose the use of; rather, it calls. ('Using a version of vi is not a sin but a.' ) The Church of Emacs has its own, alt.religion.emacs, that has posts purporting to support this belief system. Stallman has referred to himself as St I−cius, a saint in the Church of Emacs. Supporters of vi have created an opposing Cult of vi, argued by the more hardline Emacs users to be an attempt to 'ape their betters'.
Regarding vi's modal nature (a point of extreme frustration for new users) some Emacs users joke that vi has two modes – 'beep repeatedly' and 'break everything'. Vi users enjoy joking that Emacs's key-sequences induce, or mentioning one of many satirical expansions of the acronym EMACS, such as 'Escape Meta Alt Control Shift' (a jab at Emacs's reliance on modifier keys). Or 'Eight Megabytes And ' (in a time when that was a great amount of memory) or 'EMACS Makes Any Computer Slow' (a like those Stallman uses) or 'Eventually Munches All Computer Storage', in reference to Emacs's high system resource requirements. GNU EMACS has been expanded to 'Generally Not Used, Except by Middle-Aged Computer Scientists' referencing its most ardent fans, and its declining usage among younger programmers compared to more graphically-oriented editors such as. The Emacs distribution includes the full list. As a poke at Emacs', vi advocates have been known to describe Emacs as 'a great operating system, lacking only a decent editor'.
Emacs advocates have been known to respond that the editor is actually very good, but the operating system could use improvement (referring to Emacs' famous lack of ). A game among UNIX users, either to test the depth of an Emacs user's understanding of the editor or to poke fun at the complexity of Emacs, involved predicting what would happen if a user held down a modifier key (such as Control or Alt) and typed their own name. A similar 'game' was reportedly played among users of the old editor, in which lay the roots of Emacs. Due to the unintuitive character sequence to exit vi (':q!' ), hackers joke that there is a proposed method of creating a by having a user unfamiliar with vi seated in front of an open editor and asking them to exit the program. Today In the past, many small editors modeled after or derived from vi flourished.
This was due to the importance of conserving memory with the comparatively minuscule amount available at the time. As computers have become more powerful, many vi clones, in particular, have grown in size and code complexity. These vi variants of today, as with the old lightweight Emacs variants, tend to have many of the perceived benefits and drawbacks of the opposing side. For example, Vim without any extensions requires about ten times the disk space required by vi, and recent versions of Vim can have more extensions and run slower than Emacs. In, called Vim's supposed light weight when compared with Emacs 'a shared myth'.
Moreover, with the large amounts of RAM in modern computers, both Emacs and vi are lightweight compared to large such as, which tend to draw derision from Emacs and vi users alike. Said, in 1999, that 's sells twice as many copies as that on Emacs (but noted that Emacs came with a free manual). Many programmers use either Emacs and vi or their various offshoots, including who uses. Also in 1999, vi creator said that vi was 'written for a world that doesn't exist anymore' and stated that Emacs was written on much more capable machines with faster displays so they could have 'funny commands with the screen shimmering and all that, and meanwhile, I'm sitting at home in sort of World War II surplus housing at Berkeley with a modem and a terminal that can just barely get the cursor off the bottom line'. In addition to Emacs and vi workalikes, and its clone and other text editors such as often have their own third-party advocates in the editor wars, though not to the extent of Emacs and vi.
As of 2014, both Emacs and vi can lay claim to being among the longest-lived application programs of all time, as well as being the two most commonly used text editors on Linux and Unix. Many operating systems, especially and derivatives, bundle multiple text editors with the operating system to cater to user demand. For example, a default installation of contains Emacs, and Vim. See also.
Notes. As of 2013, vim has 1731 of code (1142 in C + 506 stock distro vimScript + 83 makefile-related), whereas GNU Emacs has 1623 (just 299 in C + 1270 stock distro Emacs Lisp + 54 makefile-related). There are many optional Emacs Lisp (and Vimscript) packages available; the numbers here refer to only code which is actually included in the main download of the respective editor. Emacs also has something called 'modes'; however, in Emacs these generally refer to long-term interaction states that apply for entire time one works with a given file or dataset, and do not imply a modal interface per se.
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